Based on Rabindranath Tagore's short story 'Kabuliwala', Kabuliwala is set in the bustling city of Kolkata in 1965 where a middle-aged Afghan man Rahmat (Mithun Chakraborty) comes from Kabul, Afghanistan to Kolkata to sell dry fruits to the locals and happens to meet Mini, a little girl. Meeting Mini daily in her street reminds Rahmat of his daughter back home which is the reason he gets connected to the little girl. One day Mini goes missing and the blame is put on Rahmat. Will Mini ever be found or will Rahmat be able to prove his innocence?